Why will the adoption of Infinite Universe Theory be the “Last Cosmological Revolution”?

PSI Blog 20180815 Why will the adoption of Infinite Universe Theory be the “Last Cosmological Revolution”?

In his fine YouTube review of my Blog on why the universe exists, David de Hilster objected to the implication that Infinite Universe Theory [1]would be the last of the cosmological revolutions. Normally, in science, we can have no “last” or “ultimate” theories. That is because all theories have finite components and all are subject to impacts from the infinite macrocosm, which then force necessary revisions. A good example is my revision of Newton’s laws of motion after I assumed infinity.[2] An “ultimate” theory would have to contain an infinite number of factors—an impossible feat.

We then need to review the nature of revolution. “Revolution” is actually a misnomer implying a complete rotation. Instead, the word usually describes a 180-degree or half rotation, such as when those on top are displaced by those on the bottom. Similarly, a revolution in thought occurs when one abandons a particular viewpoint to adopt its opposite. The First Cosmological Revolution occurred when we abandoned the Earth-centered universe in favor of the heliocentric one. The second was when we realized our Sun was only one of the billions of stars in the Milky Way. The third was when those fuzzy objects in the night sky thought to be “island universes” actually were a few of the 2 trillion galaxies now observed.

Through all that time, we stood steadfast in our assumption that the universe was finite. Logically, that meant that the universe had a beginning and would have an end, just like each of the things within it. However, when we assume just the opposite—infinity, we produce a revolution in thought. When applied to the entire universe Infinite Universe Theory amounts to the “Last” cosmological revolution. Sure, the theory will be revised and modified as more and more infinite detail is discovered, but the revolutionary aspect of the theory will never change. We can never really go back to the idea that the universe is finite. Sure, one can assume either finity or infinity. There never can be a complete, final proof of such a fundamental assumption.[3] We never can go to the “end of the universe” to answer that question. Logically, we are forced to assume one or the other. My whole project has been to show how the assumption of infinity leads to answers to the many paradoxes and contradictions plaguing today’s “modern” physics and cosmology. Sure, there will be counter-revolutionary attempts, but eventually all will fail.

   

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[1] Borchardt, Glenn, 2017, Infinite Universe Theory: Berkeley, California, Progressive Science Institute, 325 p. [http://go.glennborchardt.com/IUTebook].

[2] The universe is infinite, both in the microcosmic and macrocosmic directions.

[3] Borchardt, Glenn, 2004, The Ten Assumptions of Science: Toward a new scientific worldview: Lincoln, NE, iUniverse, 125 p. [http://go.glennborchardt.com/TTAOS].

Why does the universe exist? An update.

PSI Blog 20180808 Why does the universe exist? An update.

See the original, as revised at PSI Blog 20180718.

Believers gotta believe: The Shroud of Turin and its falsification

PSI Blog 20180801 Believers gotta believe: The Shroud of Turin and its falsification

In the 14^th Century, the Catholic Church in what is now Turin, Italy fell short of funds. It was left to some Einsteinian-type genius to come up with some way to get folks to renew the faith and fill the coffers. This was achieved by preparing a shroud, or cloth upon which was impressed an image remarkably similar to the one imagined by many and seen in artwork of the time. Ever since, this “Shroud of Turin” has been visited by the devout and prayed over as if it actually was Christ’s burial cloth.

The debate over authenticity was finally settled when a tiny piece of the cloth was carbon dated at between 1260 and 1390 A.D., falsifying the authenticity of the shroud and proving it was a fake.[1] That did not end the debate. There are many “scientists” who have continued to root for authenticity. There is even one fellow who claims that carbon dating is not valid—this despite the fact that we have thousands of C-14 dates nearly identical to dates obtained in other ways. For instance, redwood trees with 2000 rings began growing about 2,000 years ago according to C-14. Believers gotta believe and the church in Turin continues to call the shroud “holy” and to display it occasionally, presumably to benefit financially from the miseducation of the gullible.

Recently, the shroud has entered the news again, with an analysis of some of the stains that make up the image.[2] Once again, the conclusion from the new investigation is that it is indeed a fake. That, of course, will not satisfy those who wish with all their heart that it wasn’t so. Believers gotta believe.[3]

For those opposed to the current cosmogony, there is a clear lesson here with regard to the nature of falsification. Because the universe is infinite, scientific theories cannot be completely proven, although they can be falsified. That is, it only takes one observation or experiment (like C-14 dating) to prove a theory false. To save a theory from such reprehensible collisions with reality, we often invent ad hocs, which are exceptions that, if included, help the theory fit the data at hand. The ad hocs eventually may prove to be valid—infinite universal causality being what it is, one can always include an additional factor that might just do the trick. More likely, they just make the theory more cumbersome, challenging Ockham’s razor and often stretching believability. Still, believers gotta believe.

We see this with regard to the Big Bang Theory, which is founded on the interpretation that the universe is expanding. That is based on Einstein’s Untired Light Theory, which is based on eight ad hocs[4] needed to explain why the imagined light corpuscles did not behave like the classical particles falsified by Sagnac[5] and by de Sitter.[6]  These particles, subsequently called “photons,” are truly miraculous. They are massless, always travel at the same velocity, do not collide with each other, never take on the motion of the source, etc. Unlike other particles, photons supposedly travel for billions of years through the idealist’s completely empty space without losing energy, in violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Nothing we know of, whether particle or wave can travel from point A to point B without losing energy. That, of course, is what we observe with the cosmological redshift—light waves become longer as they lose energy. And yet, regressive physicists assume the increase in wavelength is due to the “Doppler Effect” or the assumed “expansion of empty space” and the resulting assumed galactic recession. They are not bothered by the violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Believers gotta believe…

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[1] Damon, P. E. and others, 1989, Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin: Nature, v. 337, no. 6208, p. 611-615. [https://doi.org/10.1038/337611a0].

[2] David, Ariel, 2018, CSI Study of Shroud of Turin Proves Again: Jesus Relic Is Fake, Accessed 0719 [http://go.glennborchardt.com/shroudofturin2018].

[3] For an extensive review of the fiasco, see Wikipedia, 2018, Shroud of Turin.

[4] Borchardt, Glenn, 2017, Infinite Universe Theory: Berkeley, California, Progressive Science Institute, 325 p. [http://go.glennborchardt.com/IUTebook].

[5] Sagnac, Georges, 1913a, The demonstration of the luminiferous aether by an interferometer in uniform rotation: Comptes Rendus, v. 157, p. 708–710.

Sagnac, Georges, 1913b, On the proof of the reality of the luminiferous aether by the experiment with a rotating interferometer: Comptes Rendus, v. 157, p. 1410–1413.

[6] de Sitter, Willem, 1913, An Astronomical Proof for the Constancy of the Speed of Light (English translation): Physik. Zeitschr., v. 14, p. 429. [http://go.glennborchardt.com/desitter13light].