20250428

Does Gravitation have a Physical Cause?

PSI Blog 20250428 Does Gravitation have a Physical Cause?

 

Dr. Steve Ruis, Chicago, IL, has questions:

 

“The Infinite Universe operates via collisions. Here a bat transfers motion to a baseball. Photo by Chris Chow on Unsplash” (Borchardt, 2025, Figure 3).[1] The collider (the bat) is obvious here, but Newton’s “attraction” and Einstein’s "space-time" do not have colliders—even hypothetical ones—for gravitation.

 

Dear Doctor Borchardt,

 

I haven't finished reading your relativity book yet (I have to set such books aside often to digest them a bit before taking them up again) but I am a nonbeliever in "space-time." According to some, Einstein eliminated the "force of gravity" a la Newton and replaced it with curved space time (with no explanation why space and time would link up rather than space and, say, temperature, also no explanation as to how the link would be established, and no explanation of how matter could distort ST (does it displace it like a rock in water?) and so on.”

 

[GB: Thanks for the interesting questions. I often get responses that simply advertise the reformist theories of others. Those generally are filled with numerous errors and violations of "The Ten Assumptions of Science." I admire your skepticism about Einstein’s General Relativity Theory. You are correct about its nonsensical assumption that time and matter form some weird combination that conveniently and coincidentally provides 4D salvation for the Big Bang Theory and its phony universal expansion interpretation of the cosmological redshift.

 

Space-time is an einsteinism, which means it is correct, but for the wrong reason. You are right that space-time hypothesizes no physical reason for gravitation. The “curved perfectly empty space” surrounding massive bodies is filled instead with aether. Aether particles are the accelerators that produce the acceleration of gravitation.[2]  The resulting deceleration of those particles produces a reduction in proximal aether pressure per Newton’s inverse square equation. That means there is an “aetherosphere” around every mass. It is the opposite of the atmosphere, which, of course, has a distal decrease in pressure, while the aetherosphere has a distal increase.

 

The aetherosphere thus forms Einstein’s curved space-time. Satellites entering that aetherosphere rotate around the massive body, with their normally straight-line motion following the path of least resistance. That is the point where distal and proximal pressures are equivalent. If the satellite tried to go straight instead of following the path of least resistance, it would run into an area of high distal pressure. Aether particles in that high pressure area would push the satellite toward the area of lower proximal pressure.]

 

“Here is my question, based upon a thought experiment. The example in my mind involves a star and a planetoid, but it could be any two masses, one much bigger than the other. The larger mass distorts the ST around it creating curved paths the smaller object to follow were it moving . . . but what if the two objects were placed in proxy with neither moving. Classically we would say that the smaller mass would "fall" into the larger one. But if the smaller mass is not moving, it would follow no path, so what causes it to move, according to Einstein?”

 

[GB: Actually, inertial motion, such as demonstrated by satellites is explained by Newton’s First Law of Motion, which I modified per neomechanics as “Every microcosm continues in uniform motion until the direction and velocity of its motion is changed by collisions with supermicrocosms.”[3]  That is the law of the universe, which fits with the true meaning of relativity discovered by Lucretius: the fact that everything in the universe is moving with respect to other things. So no satellite can be without motion.

 

The closest is this by Perplexity AI: “A stationary satellite is called a geostationary satellite. This type of satellite orbits the Earth at an altitude of approximately 35,800 kilometers (22,300 miles) directly above the equator and revolves in the same direction as the Earth's rotation. Because it completes one orbit every 24 hours—the same time it takes the Earth to rotate once—a geostationary satellite appears fixed at a single point in the sky to an observer on the ground.” In actuality, it is traveling 11,070 km/hr.

 

Satellites invariably slow down as they collide with aether particles (and the atmosphere). That is why we have leap years and leap seconds for Earth’s revolution and rotation. It is why the orbital distance decreases, with the satellite eventually being pushed to the ground. The only way for the orbit of a satellite to increase would be for it to be pushed by a collision from behind. That could be via an asteroid or a jet engine.]

 

I just don't see how the ST theories eliminate any "force of gravity."

 

[GB: They don’t, and that is why they are no better than “attraction,” which also does not explain gravitation in terms of physics. Real physics is simple, with force being defined as F=ma. All causes involve collisions per Newton's Second Law of Motion (Figure above). That means something having mass (m) must accelerate (a) another thing having mass. The motion of the collider decreases, while the motion of the collidee increases. Appropriate to today’s “age of irrationality,” Einstein magical “alternative truth” did not involve collisions. This conveniently prevented classical mechanics from destroying what remained of religion.]

 

Thanks for your work. I find it very stimulating (and difficult for an aged chemist to work through, even having been a physics buff (and cosmology and astronomy . . .) for many, many years.

 

[GB: Welcome. BTW: You are not the only one. The older we are, the harder it is to replace the myths we were forced to learn by regressive physicists and cosmogonists. Just think what you have to do in order to return to rationality. You must now replace: “finity” with “infinity,” “time as a dimension” with “time as motion,” “light as particle motion (of photons)” with “wave motion (in an aether medium),” “perfectly empty space” with “infinitely subdividable matter,” “systems analysis” with “univironmental analysis,” etc. BTW2: You might want to read "The Scientific Worldview (2nd edition)," as it goes through my logic step by step. You will find that the infinity assumption solves so many previously unresolved problems. In particular, its inclusion in “neomechanics” removes the finity that plagued classical mechanics and set the stage for Einstein’s imaginary “alternative truth.”]

 

 

PSI Blog 20250428

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! Get your copy of the just-released Second Edition of "The Scientific Worldview" to see the step-by-step logic leading to the rational view of the cosmos. Be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution,” the demise of the “Last Creation Myth,” and the age of enlightenment to come. Buy Now.

 



[1] Borchardt, Glenn, 2025, The Scientific Worldview: Beyond Newton and Einstein (2 ed.): Walnut Creek, CA, Progressive Science Institute, 551 p. [ https://gborc.com/TSW25 ].

[https://gborc.com/TSW25].

 [2] Borchardt, Glenn, 2018, The Physical Cause of Gravitation: viXra:1806.0165 (“Aether Deceleration Theory”)

 

 

20250421

Big Bang Theory’s Achilles’ Heel: Conservation vs Creation

PSI Blog 20250421 Big Bang Theory’s Achilles’ Heel: Conservation vs Creation

 

The Fifth Assumption of Science, conservation (Matter and the motion of matter can be neither created nor destroyed).

 

The boulder in a car park features a distinct dinosaur footprint. (CREDIT: University of Queensland)

 

Infinite Universe Theory is founded on "The Ten Assumptions of Science,"[1] with No. 5, conservation, also being number one in my list of the 25 falsifications of the absurd Big Bang Theory.[2] It is interesting that David Balogun, a nine-year-old genius from Nigeria used conservation to best Neil deGrasse Tyson in a debate about the validity of the Big Bang Theory.[3]

 

Because the universe is infinite, fundamental assumptions such as conservation and its opposite, creation, cannot be completely proven. Nonetheless, holding fast to conservation, astute scientists and well-educated nine-year-olds from Nigeria reject the Big Bang Theory outright. It is the reason I call it the “Last Creation Myth.”

 

In the US, the philosophical struggle between science and religion still seems centered on the creation-evolution debate. This has special advantages for the religious side. Neo-Darwinists who argue the scientific side seem also to support the Big Bang Theory, probably because it hypothesizes evolution for their surreptitiously assumed finite universe. The explosion of something out of nothing and its violation of conservation does not seem to bother them. Of course, evolution still obtains for each portion of the universe, as seen in my book[4] and in today’s 200-million-year example.

 

There are some indications neo-Darwinists or their replacements are getting out of their myopic stupor.[5] Scientific broadening is getting folks to realize that everything in the Infinite Universe is subject to evolution. Conservation holds in the face of the universal mechanism of evolution—univironmental determinism. While matter and the motion of matter never can be destroyed, it is incessantly changed from one form to another.

 

Note: I once believed Earth was 6,000 years old. If you are still at that stage, maybe this will change your mind:

 

200-Million-Year-Old Dinosaur Tracks Discovered Hidden In Schoolyard Boulder

 

 

PSI Blog 20250421

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! Get your copy of the just-released Second Edition of "The Scientific Worldview" to see the step-by-step logic leading to the rational view of the cosmos. Be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution,” the demise of the “Last Creation Myth,” and the age of enlightenment to come. Buy Now.

 



[1] Borchardt, Glenn, 2004, The Ten Assumptions of Science: Toward a New Scientific Worldview: Lincoln, NE, iUniverse, 125 p. [https://gborc.com/TTAOS; https://gborc.com/TTAOSpdf].

 

[4] Borchardt, Glenn, 2025, The Scientific Worldview: Beyond Newton and Einstein (2 ed.): Walnut Creek, CA, Progressive Science Institute, 551 p. [https://gborc.com/TSW25].


[5] Wong, et al. 2023, On the roles of function and selection in evolving systems: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 120, no. 43, p. e2310223120. [doi:10.1073/pnas.2310223120].

 

20250414

Is the Universe Rotating?

PSI Blog 20250414 Is the Universe Rotating?

 

No. Only a finite universe could rotate. The Infinite Universe exists everywhere and there is nothing outside of it that would provide the necessary reference.

 


 

Here is an interesting set of questions from Adam:

 

I'm just some Swedish guy who is currently suffering from my second existential crisis and I try to cope with this by reading about your ideas about the universe. I find them incredibly interesting and they soothe my mind. I think we have a very common view about determinism or what you call "univironmental determinism".

 

[GB: Adam, glad to hear from exceptional folks like yourself. There are so few of you that hearing from folks across the globe makes the Internet worthwhile. You remind me of Bent and Doogie who wrote the first and last comments about The Scientific Worldview here:  https://thescientificworldview.blogspot.com/2025/01/the-scientific-worldview-2nd-ed-released.html]

 

What do you think about the latest findings that the universe might be rotating? Is this something that you have suspected? It's motion after all, I guess.

 

[GB: Sorry, but the Infinite Universe cannot rotate because it is everywhere. That misinterpretation apparently stems from the observation that some galaxy clusters are moving in directions that eventually will take them outside the observed universe:

 

Kashlinsky, A., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ebeling, H., Edge, A., and Kocevski, D., 2010, A New Measurement of the Bulk Flow of X-Ray Luminous Clusters of Galaxies: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, v. 712, no. 1, p. L81–L85. [10.1088/2041-8205/712/1/L81].

 

Kashlinsky, A., Atrio-Barandela, F., Kocevski, D., and Ebeling, H., 2008, A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: Results and cosmological implications: The Astrophysical Journal, v. 686, p. L49–L52.

 

We interpreted the galactic motions as evidence for a huge local vortex just outside the observed universe. It might be possible that much or all of the observed universe is rotating around the nucleus of a huge spiral galaxy.]

 

What’s the difference between the books "Universal Cycle Theory" and "Infinite Universe Theory"? Is it important to read both or could I stick with Infinite Universe Theory?’

 

[GB: “Universal Cycle Theory” is much more technical than “Infinite Universe Theory” (IUT). I usually recommend reading "The Scientific Worldview" first, followed by IUT, and then "Religious Roots of Relativity". IUT is not a bad start, but your acceptance of UD (univironmental determinism) definitely indicates you will enjoy The Scientific Worldview (2nd ed is only $15.50 for the pbk and only $3 for the Kindle). TSW should help you with that crisis. You may wish to jump start that with this post: https://thescientificworldview.blogspot.com/2018/04/coping-with-determinism.html. In essence, everything we do “changes the world” despite our lack of “free will.” The way to get rid of a crisis is to change your macrocosm (environment). That can be as simple as reading a book]

 

 

PSI Blog 20250414

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! Get your copy of the just-released Second Edition of "The Scientific Worldview" to see the step-by-step logic leading to the rational view of the cosmos. Be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution,” the demise of the “Last Creation Myth,” and the age of enlightenment to come. Buy Now.