Univironmental Analysis of Nucleosynthesis

Comments and Questions from Bill Howell:

Hello Dr. Borchardt- 

I finished TSW.  Wow!  It’s amazing to me that any person can write such an extensive treatise.  That some people are able to develop a comprehensive new worldview during a lifetime of observation and study is amazing (and inspiring), but at least I can comprehend that it is possible.  But to depth of your synthesis, the extensive references and background material you cite, and the comprehensiveness of your theory is truly incredible.  Thank you for your efforts.  I wish you success in promulgating your ideas over the next few hundred years.

[Bill, thanks for the kind words.  Glad you got a lot out of TSW. I might need a little help on the next hundred years.  Good thing there are younger folks like yourself around.]

Any new worldview must provide an alternative explanation to the phenomena described by the old worldview.  The Copernican worldview versus the Ptolemaic worldview is a good example.  But to replace it, the new worldview must also be able to explain phenomena that the old worldview can not.  For example, your Assumption of Infinity would explain the “zoo” of subatomic particles that physicists find, and it can explain red-shift problems with the BB model; but as long as instrumentation is unable to peer below the Plank limit or ad-hoc explanations such as an accelerating-universe modification to the inflationary-universe modification of the BB model can be postulated, your theory will only be an alternative explanation to the status quo.  And ideally, a new worldview must be able to predict phenomena that is at variance with the old worldview (and this may not even be enough, as the Eddington eclipse measurement of stellar shift may represent).  I encourage you to think about possible concrete testable predictions. 

For example, the aether experiments are examples of variance with the standard model, but they really only undermine Relativity theory and not the BB model (an old (1978) paper by Richard Muller describing the detection of CBR describes it as the ‘New Aether’).  Your explanation for the CBR provides an alternative explanation for the BB event but doesn’t overthrow the conventional explanation. 

  

[You are right about the CBR (Cosmic Background Radiation), which was predicted by the BBT (at 10^oK) and by classical theory (at <5^oK).  The actual temperature was determined to be about 2.7^oK.  If the space between galaxies had been perfectly empty, as proposed by Einstein, then the temperature would have been 0^oK.  Temperature is the vibratory motion of matter, so any temperature at all meant that outer space was filled with matter: ‘New Aether,’ regular old ether, or today’s trendy incantation, “dark matter.”  The CBR case is a neat example of data that can be interpreted in many ways depending on the initial assumptions of the observer.  Thus the BBT folks assume that light is matterless motion (Einstein’s massless photon) and would not agree that the CBR is indicative of the presence of matter.  However, if we assume INSEPARABILITY (Just as there is no motion without matter, so there is no matter without motion) instead, it becomes clear that Einstein and the BBT cannot be correct. 

You have to realize that relativity and the BBT are intimately related.  The demise of one means the demise of the other.  For example, Einstein’s objectification of motion is absolutely required to make the BBT believable.  Einstein did this in SRT when he treated motion (i.e., time) as a thing.  Once time was a thing, it could expand and contract as a thing.  Time “dilation” became all the rage for indeterminists lurking at every turn.  From there it was no problem to invent “space-time,” a matter-motion term in GRT that became critical to acceptance of the BBT.  The key is to understand that common physical terms such as momentum, force, energy, and space-time are mere calculations.  They are not things or the motions of things.  They are descriptions of matter in motion.  Thus space exists, but space-time does not.  The BBT absolutely requires the opposite, indeterministic interpretation that space-time exists.  Otherwise, how could we be at the center of a finite universe that is 13.7 billion light years in all directions?  With 3 X 10²³ stars observed, how probable is it that we would be in the center?  If there really had been a “Big Bang” we at least would be off to one side, maybe seeing galaxies 9 billion light years in one direction and 18 billion light years in the opposite direction. The UD solution is that this is all a matter of perception in an infinite 3-D universe in which light is absorbed over distance.  Our presently available tools cannot see light that originated more than 13.7 billion light years from us.]  

I’d love to try to help but I don’t have the depth of scientific knowledge (or the depth of understanding about your theory) that you do.  What I might be able to do is help identify concepts that lack a Univironmental alternative explanation, if you’re willing to entertain them. 

One such concept involves nuclear synthesis.  The BB model is cited to explain the formation and the ratios of He⁴ to H that permeate interstellar space.  What I’ve read is that the universe had to briefly pass thru an extremely hot dense phase to create He⁴ from H, and that if this phase had lasted more than minutes in length, the ratio of He⁴ to H would be much larger (as well as having produced some percentage of stable nuclei larger than He⁴). 

[The transformation of H to He⁴ occurs via fusion in stars.  This is a fact.  The BBT stuff regarding the reaction is pure conjecture.]

A Big Bang event with a subsequent inflationary event can explain this (where the expansion of space reduces density/temperature to prevent additional He⁴ from forming).  Yes, it may be ad-hoc, and was probably an empirical basis for the development of the BB model, but it is an explanation.  Given an infinity of time, it is certainly possible for suns to create He⁴ from H, but this wouldn’t seem to explain the wide-ranging ratios of He⁴ to H that are (presumably) observed, or the lack of significant ratios of heavier elements.

 

I know that you are not a nuclear physicist or theorist but, given the depth of your knowledge, I wouldn’t want to presume that this is outside of your area of contemplation.  Do you have an alternate Univironmental explanation?

[The “expansion of space” is not responsible for the presence or absence of He⁴.  In fact, just the opposite is necessary for the formation of helium.  Hydrogen atoms must converge to form helium.  This takes place in stars, such as our sun. The wide-ranging ratios of He⁴ to H are just what we would expect in an infinite universe that has stars of various sizes at various stages of evolution, which we observe.  In later stages, light elements form and in still later stages elements heavier than Fe form when pressures become high enough in the largest stars and neutron star mergers. Cosmogonists like to spread the erroneous assumption those elements form during supernova explosions. However, explosions do not create anything in the same way it is impossible for the entire universe to be created by an explosion.]