PSI
Blog 20190703 Slow Motion and the Eventual Disposition of Black Holes
A great
question with many profound implications from Abhishek Chakravartty:
“You wrote that solids, unlike the gases in
the atmosphere, have fewer “degrees of freedom.” But this would mean that there
can be matter without motion because if the "degree of freedom" of
any form of matter becomes 0, it would not be in motion and it would be a form
of matter without motion. Can you please look deeply into this?”
[GB:
Abhi, you are correct in implying that zero degrees of freedom would be a
violation of the Fourth Assumption of Science, inseparability (Just as
there is no motion without matter, so there is no matter without motion). That
never happens in the same way absolute zero (0oK) never can be
achieved. Even outer space has a temperature of 2.7 oK. Temperature
is a measure of the motion of matter.
The
atoms in solids are in close juxtaposition. We think of them as being bound
together. Regressives would say they are “attracted to each other.” Because of
that, their degrees of freedom are restricted. Nevertheless, they continually
vibrate because the revolutions of electrons around the nucleus are never
perfect. Degrees of freedom never can be zero. Thus, metal contains atoms
joined together in “almost” fixed positions. When heated, the vibrations within
increase. This motion is transferred to your skin when you touch a hot frying
pan.
As explained
in more detail in PSI Blog 20190320,
all things must be in motion to exist. And, as explained in PSI Blog 20190417, the centers of aetherial
vortices such as the solar system and the Milky Way tend to become increasingly
dense as they emit motion to their surroundings. The Sun is a nice example of
fusion, in which two hydrogen atoms combine to form one helium atom. The
resulting helium atom has less internal motion than the sum of the internal
motion of the two hydrogen atoms considered separately. Per neomechanics, as
described by the E=mc2 equation, this submicrocosmic motion is
emitted across the microcosmic boundary, being transferred to supermicrocosms
(extent aether particles) in the macrocosm.[1]
This motion produces waves in the aether otherwise known as sunlight.
Continued
fusion produces increasingly heavier combinations and still more light as seen
for neutron stars, supernovas, and quasars. The nuclei of galaxies, otherwise
known as “black holes,” have lost so much motion to their surroundings that
they presumably emit very little light. That name has stuck although Hawking
eventually admitted that they probably were “gray holes,” emitting at least some
light.[2]
These nuclei are highly dense and like the solids mentioned above, they must
contain submicrocosms with few degrees of freedom.
But
do they have zero degrees of freedom? That appears to be exactly what the
younger Hawking believed when he was pushing the Black Hole idealism. That view
was akin to the “perfectly solid matter” idealization I previously discussed as
the opposite of the equally bogus “perfectly empty space” idealization.[3]
It is nice to see the elder Hawking gave up that part of his otherwise magical
thinking. Is the Black Hole the end state for matter?
The
correct answer is no. Here are some
theoretical and observational reasons for that answer:
Theory
Idealistic
mathematicians might calculate that Black Holes are infinitely dense and that
their contents therefore have zero degrees of freedom. Of course, that would violate
the Tenth Assumption of Science, interconnection (All things are
interconnected, that is, between any two objects exist other objects that
transmit matter and motion). There is another assumption that may help us
understand the eventual disposition of Black Holes. It is the Sixth Assumption
of Science, complementarity (All things are subject to divergence and
convergence from other things). In sum, that means every microcosm in the
universe is the result of a coming together of other things, followed by a
coming apart of those things.
Observation
In
"Universal Cycle Theory" we emphasized the part played by rotation in
the life of cosmological objects.[4]
When microcosms rotate they tend to accrete matter and when their rotation
slows they tend to excrete matter. For instance, planets that rotate rather
fast tend to have satellites (moons); those that rotate slowly tend to have no
satellites, excreting gases instead. The accreting Earth rotates once a day
while the excreting Venus rotates once every four months. In other words, Earth
is still subject to convergence (birth), while Venus is undergoing divergence
(death).
Speculation
Remember that my
speculation about the formation of baryonic matter involved the convergence of high-speed
aether particles of unequal size.[5]
Juxtaposition of small particles around large particles resulted in a reduction
of the types of aetherial impacts that normally would force them apart. And, as
I illustrated with the “cattle roundup” example, fast longitudinal motion produces
fast rotational motion that results in slow longitudinal motion. Individuals
within the herd travel just as fast in a circle, but the herd as a whole
becomes stationary. Planetary and galactic accretion is a similar process.
Now, galactic nuclei (Black Holes) tend to rotate rapidly, accreting
the stars and other matter around them in huge quantities. According to
Wikipedia: “One black hole,
at the heart of galaxy NGC 1365 is turning at 84% the speed of light.” Looks
like the excretion phase of that galactic nucleus will not occur soon. Steve
and I calculated that our own Milky Way galaxy will take at least 37,000
trillion years to mature and for excretion to begin.[6]
What will happen to the nucleus after the 400 billion stars in the galaxy are
pushed into it and its rotation becomes imperceptible? If the universe really
is infinite, I predict that it has numerous extremely dense, solitary, slowly
rotating, mostly nonluminous “Black Holes” that are the remnants of former galaxies.
Like the slowly rotating Venus, these cosmological microcosms would excrete matter
to the macrocosm per the Second Law of Thermodynamics until they disappear
altogether.
[1] Borchardt,
Glenn, 2009, The physical meaning of E=mc2, Proceedings of the
Natural Philosophy Alliance: Storrs, CN, v. 6, no. 1, p. 27-31
[10.13140/RG.2.1.2387.4643]. [Free download, which has been downloaded over 4,500 times according to ResearchGate.net.]
[2] Lewis,
Geraint, 2014, Grey is the new black hole: is Stephen Hawking right?: The
Conversation, APA citation:, Accessed 20171022
[http://go.glennborchardt.com/Lewis14BHaregrey].
[3] Borchardt,
Glenn, 2017, Infinite Universe Theory: Berkeley, California, Progressive
Science Institute, 349 p. [http://go.glennborchardt.com/IUTebook].
[4] Puetz,
Stephen J., and Borchardt, Glenn, 2011, Universal cycle theory: Neomechanics of
the hierarchically infinite universe: Denver, Outskirts Press, 626 p.
[http://www.scientificphilosophy.com/].
[5] Borchardt,
2017, ibid. [Note that if analogous to the short-range velocity of nitrogen
molecules in air, aether particles would have short-range velocity of 1.5c].
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