PSI Blog 20230116 List of Falsifications of the Big Bang Theory
Here I present 19 reasons the “Last Creation Myth” cannot
possibly be true.
Falsifications provide contrary evidence disproving or at
least questioning a theory.[1] Because the universe is infinite, a correct
theory cannot be completely proven, although it can be supported by evidence
gathered from the external world. It takes only one falsification to disprove a
theory, but as you can see, the list disproving the Big Bang Theory is long.
There are many reasons for its tenacity, with proponents either ignoring the
contradictions or inventing ad hocs, which are special pleadings that attempt
to bypass a particular falsification. Many of these are based on violations of
The Ten Assumptions of Science.[2]
The overthrow of a paradigm must begin with an evaluation of its fundamental assumptions.
1. The
Big Bang Theory claims the universe exploded out of nothing. That is in
violation of the First Law of Thermodynamics, which properly states matter and
the motion of matter can be neither created nor destroyed.[3]
2. The
assumed explosion of the universe out of nothing has no physical cause. The
claimed “dark energy,” is a calculation; dark energy does not exist.[4]
3. The
Big Bang Theory predicts that we should observe only young cosmological objects
at great distances. Instead, we see elderly galaxies and galaxy
clusters at the limit of observation, which now is almost 13.8 billion light
years away—the assumed age of the universe.[5]
4. The
Doppler effect, once considered responsible for the cosmological redshift and
the interpretation that most galaxies are receding from us, only occurs in a
medium. Einstein’s corpuscular theory of light, denies the presence of
a medium.[6]
5. At
cosmological redshifts greater than z=1.5 the assumed galactic
"recession" velocities based on the Doppler effect are greater than
the velocity of light. Nothing travels at greater than the speed of
light.[7]
6. The
greater than c recession velocities are now interpreted
instead as the result of space expansion, which supposedly carries the galaxies
along with it at greater than c. There is no
evidence that perfectly empty space can expand all by itself.
7. Because
the imagined explosion of the universe either from the creationist’s “perfectly
empty space” or from Hawking’s “singularity” would have no diversification it
would produce a homogenous universe per the Cosmological Principle of Big Bang
Theory. The universe is heterogenous, with the view in every direction
being unique as predicted by Infinite Universe Theory.[8]
8. Universal
expansion theory requires massless light particles traveling perpetually
through perfectly empty space. Massless particles and perfectly empty
space have never been found.[9]
9. Cosmogonists
assume a spiral galaxy near the limit of observation formed within 450 million
years after the Big Bang. That is a fantastic ad hoc in view of the
fact it took our own Milky Way 13.6 billion years to form.[10]
10. Cosmogonists
predicted the Cosmic Microwave Background would be about 10oK. It
is 2.7oK.[11]
11. The
predicted “Heat Death of the Universe” assumes the universe is finite and
isolated. The opposing assumption, infinity, implies
neither is true.[12]
12. Cosmogonists
assume the cosmological redshift indicates the universe is expanding. The
cosmological redshift simply indicates light waves lose energy over distance
like everything else.[13]
13. Galaxies
and other cosmic bodies are converging. True explosions involve only
divergence.[14]
14. Galaxy
clusters and superclusters have been shown to have developing nuclei. That
means they must be much older than any single galaxy they contain.[15]
15. The
galactic nucleus (black hole) in the center is only 1% of the mass of our
13.6-billion-year-old Milky Way. It would take trillions of years for
its 400 billion stars to be pushed into the nucleus to form a “naked black
hole.”[16]
16. The
recent discovery of naked black holes without stars implies they are the
end-stage nuclei of former galaxies. These could not have formed during
the mere 13.8 billion years ascribed to the Big Bang universe.[17]
17. Cosmogonists
assume the lack of a physical origin point for the universe means it is
4-dimensional. This assumes time to be a dimension, which it is not;
time is motion and does not have dimensions.[18]
18. Big
Bang Theorists surreptitiously assume finity. The correct
assumption is infinity, with over 20 trillion galaxies in the
observable universe suggesting the universe cannot expand because it is already
full.[19]
19. Cosmogonists
who propagate the “Last Creation Myth” assume there was nothing before the
universe exploded out of perfectly empty space. The very existence of
the universe implies that nonexistence, the perfectly empty space imagined by
the idealist, is impossible.[20]
Einstein’s “Untired Light Theory” is the assumed foundation
for universal expansion. That theory, too, had eight ad hocs contradicting
Sagnac’s evidence light was a wave and not a particle.[21] Without those
ad hocs, cosmogonists would have been less likely to entertain the notion light
was a massless particle filled with perfectly empty space traveling perpetually
through perfectly empty space.
The Untired Light Theory and the Big Bang Theory are highly
popular with almost daily propaganda being spread among gullible folks amenable
to religious indoctrination. The continued success of those theories is based
on the religious opposites of fundamental scientific assumptions. The first
falsification above presents this starkly. Conservation (The
Fifth Assumption of Science) has been a stalwart of science since 1850. It is a
seldom recognized direct contradiction of its religious opposite: creation.
If cosmologists really were scientific, there would be no Big Bang Theory.
The list above is by no means exhaustive. I invite others to
contribute additional falsifications I am not aware of. You or your nom de
plume will receive proper credit. Please remember that falsifications involve
solid undisputed evidence and interpretations thereof based on The Ten
Assumptions of Science. The numerous questions (e.g., What came before?),
paradoxes (e.g., Light both a wave and a particle?), contradictions (e.g., Time
is a dimension?), and fantastic speculations (e.g., Wormholes?) engendered by
the Big Bang Theory make it highly suspect, but those are not necessarily
falsifications.
[1] http://thescientificworldview.blogspot.com/2021/11/infinity-and-falsification-of-big-bang.html
[2] Borchardt, Glenn, 2004, The Ten Assumptions of
Science: Toward a New Scientific Worldview: Lincoln, NE, iUniverse, 125 p. [https://go.glennborchardt.com/ttaos-amazon]
or [https://go.glennborchardt.com/TTAOSfreepdf].
[Note that any challenge to an erroneous paradigm must begin by uncovering the
erroneous fundamental assumptions upon which it is based. Cosmogonists are
unqualified to do this because, by definition, they begin with today’s most
significant erroneous assumption: finity.]
[3] This is usually called the conservation of
“energy,” with energy being a calculation that attempts to combine matter and
motion, which is not possible. Energy is a matter-motion term, which simply
tries to describe matter in motion.
[4] “Dark Energy” is matterless motion, and thus posits
no physical cause for the explosion of the universe out of nothing. See: https://medium.com/@glennborchardt/does-energy-have-mass-68d84c72cbc
[5] https://medium.com/@glennborchardt/shocking-news-webb-confirms-infinite-universe-theory-87e504dcd8e2
[6] Borchardt, Glenn, 2020, Religious Roots of
Relativity: Berkeley, California, Progressive Science Institute, 160 p. [https://go.glennborchardt.com/RRR-ebk]
[7] https://medium.com/@glennborchardt/why-the-big-bang-universe-can-never-be-older-than-13-8-billion-years-bbb48b4f5e19 [Also
explains why redshifts greater than z = 1.5 would indicate recession velocities
greater than the speed of light.]
[9] Borchardt, 2020, Religious Roots of Relativity.
[11] Assis, A.K.T., and Neves, M.C.D., 1995, History of
the 2.7 K temperature prior to Penzias and Wilson: Apeiron, v. 2, no. 3, p.
79-84. [We test theories by comparing predictions with the evidence. This was a
clear case of a predictive failure of the Big Bang Theory, with some of the
predictions of opponents subsequently being supported by the evidence. There
are many such technical details similarly ignored by cosmogonists.]
[12] https://medium.com/@glennborchardt/front-stage-at-the-end-of-the-universe-trope-dedd42a5d814
[13] Borchardt, Glenn, 2017, Infinite Universe Theory:
Berkeley, California, Progressive Science Institute, Ch. 7. [http://go.glennborchardt.com/IUTebook].
[14] Ibid. Ch. 2.
[15] Ibid. Ch. 3
[16] Puetz, S.J., and Borchardt, Glenn, 2011, Universal
Cycle Theory: Neomechanics of the Hierarchically Infinite Universe: Denver,
Outskirts Press, p. 185. [https://go.glennborchardt.com/UCT].
[17] http://thescientificworldview.blogspot.com/2020/05/psiblog-20200518-elderly-black-hole-in.html
[18] https://medium.com/@glennborchardt/time-is-motion-1cb1d47a0e78
[19] Siegel, Ethan, 2020, This Is How We Know There Are
Two Trillion Galaxies in the Universe: Starts with a Bang! Accessed Dec 22 [https://go.glennborchardt.com/2-trillion].
[Recent photos from the James Webb Space Telescope have ten times the
resolution of the ones used in this essay.]
[20] Borchardt, 2020, Religious Roots of Relativity.
[21] Borchardt, 2017, Infinite Universe Theory, Table
6.
You also can read this on Medium.com, where this list of
falsifications of the Big Bang Theory will be updated in the future:
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