Science Magazine: “The Universe’s Puzzlingly Fast Expansion May Defy Explanation, Cosmologists Fret”

PSI Blog 20231106 Science Magazine: “The Universe’s Puzzlingly Fast Expansion May Defy Explanation, Cosmologists Fret”

 

“Hubble Tension” increases cognitive dissonance for the faltering Big Bang Theory.

 

Bear with me on this one as it is a bit more complicated than the first 20 falsifications of the Big Bang Theory that I listed here. Recently, what caught my eye was Science’s belated recognition of what is known as the “Hubble Tension.” The Hubble Tension is the discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble coefficient (H_o) performed in two different ways best illustrated here:

 
Figure 1. After 2013 it became clear that the Hubble coefficient was 74 instead of the 67 predicted by Big Bang Theory. The “Distance Ladder” from Cepheid Variables supports Infinite Universe Theory instead of the Big Bang Theory. Image Credit: D’arcy Kenworthy in Lifson (2023).

 

The first (in red) is from the Cosmic Microwave Background, erroneously considered by cosmogonists to be a remnant from the Big Bang. In Infinite Universe Theory we consider this background to be the equilibrium temperature (2.7 degrees Kelvin) for aether and/or baryonic matter. Einstein’s perfectly empty space would have had no temperature at all. That is because temperature is the vibration of matter.

 

The second (in blue) is a measurement of distance to Cepheid Variables in various galaxies. These are stars with masses about 100,000 times as great as the sun. Unlike smaller stars, they can be seen with powerful telescopes and their redshifts can be measured. As with any illuminated object (e.g., a flashlight), the amount of light that reaches us is a direct function of distance. Cosmogonists erroneously attribute the associated cosmological redshifts to galactic recession, which supposedly is evidence for universal expansion. It is no such thing, simply being a result of energy loss over distance.

 

The subheading to the Science article is aptly titled as well:

 

“The controversial “Hubble tension” promises deep insight but, like dark matter and dark energy, could remain just another mystery.”

Figure 2. This figure from the article shows the Hubble Tension in a slightly different way (Cho 2023). Previous ad hocs led to the weird asymptotic curve requiring huge variations in expansion rates. Image credit: C. Bickel/Science.

 

Like so many of the other falsifications of the Big Bang Theory, this one is especially embarrassing. So much so that Science seems to have ignored it until 2019 when they reluctantly presented the first of a half dozen articles on it even though it was completely clear six years earlier (Figure 1). After July 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope photos confirmed the discrepancy already noted in Hubble Space Telescope photos, stimulating most of the unacknowledged mea culpas to be.

 

The complications shown in Figure 2 are simply a result of the erroneous assumption that cosmological redshifts reflect galactic recession. This is why they include velocity in labeling the Hubble coefficient (H_o/(km/s)/Mpc). When that is removed, z values become a simple function of distance, as suggested by Hubble (1953) just before he died:

 

“When no recession factors are included, the law will represent approximately a linear relation between red-shifts and distance.”

 

Recent reformist work is in agreement (Chen 2020). Here is how the simple math works:

 

Hubble’s Law (without the km/s recession factor)

z = H_od

Where:

   z = cosmological redshift, dλ/λ

   λ = wavelength, nm

H₀ = Hubble coefficient (it is not a constant because it is multiplied, and not added like a constant would be)

     = 74/Mpc

      = 74/(3.09 X 10¹⁹ km)

   d = distance, km

Rearranging:

d = z/H_o

That is why the direct measurements called the “Distance Ladder” in Figure 1 are relatively identical at all distances. I predict that will hold for the extreme distances to be measured in the future. It also is support for my claim that the Infinite Universe does not evolve over time, with only its individual parts doing so.

 

To find out why the “recession factor” is still included by cosmogonists despite Hubble’s caveat, read "Religious Roots of Relativity" (Borchardt 2020).

 

PSI Blog 20231106

 

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References

 

Borchardt, Glenn, 2020, Religious Roots of Relativity: Berkeley, California, Progressive Science Institute, 160 p. [https://go.glennborchardt.com/RRR-ebk]

 

Chen, Peter, 2020, A mathematical model for redshift: Applied Mathematics, v. 11, p. 146-156. [https://gborc.com/Chen-2020].

 

Cho, Adrian, 2023, The universe’s puzzlingly fast expansion may defy explanation, cosmologists fret: Science, Accessed 20231103 [https://gborc.com/Hubble-Tension].

 

Hubble, Edwin, 1953, The law of red-shifts: George Darwin Lecture, delivered by Dr Edwin Hubble on 1953 May 8: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 113, no. 6, p. 658-666. [https://gborc.com/Hubble-1953].

 

Lifson, Shari, 2023, Our mysterious universe still evades cosmological understanding, Accessed 20231104 [https://gborc.com/Hubble-tension-Lifson].