20240527

Is the Universe a Thing or a Process?

PSI Blog 20240527 Is the Universe a Thing or a Process?


Neither. The universe contains things (nouns) and their motions (verbs).


 

From George Coyne, who is the Canadian director of PSI and author of “Notfinity Process”[1]:

 

“Hi Glenn,

 

If you and I are correct in the view that there is no limit to microcosms in motion then there is no ultimately large object that can be referred to as the Universe. So we need to think of universe as a verb involving a process of matter in motion rather than as a noun referring to a defined object. Do you have a comment on this? Does it conform with your model of reality? Your blog readers may be interested in what you have to say on this.”

 

[GB: Thanks George. You have hit upon an age-old conundrum concerning matter and motion. Thinking of a thing requires one to “define” it, that is, to make it definite and quasi-isolated from the rest of the universe. While each thing, each portion of the universe has XYZ dimensions, the Infinite Universe does not. So, is it still correct to think of and talk about the universe as if it were a normal finite object? Of course, that is what today’s cosmologists do, having become cosmogonists, who claim to study the “origin of the universe.” To do so, they must think of it as finite—something that once did not exist, but now it does.

 

They get around this by using Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory in which he assumed perfectly empty space and his General Relativity Theory in which he assumed the universe had four dimensions. While those are not scientifically valid claims, they are highly popular with those who assume the Fifth Assumption of Religion, creation (Matter and motion can be created out of nothing) and “feral mathematicians” who assume the Fourth Assumption of Religion, separability       (Motion can occur without matter and matter can exist without motion).

 

There has always been confusion between matter and motion. Philosophical dualists such as Descartes tend to think of matter as natural and motion as supernatural. In modern times Alfred North Whitehead even became known as the “process philosopher”—to wide popularity. Modern physics entertains the idea of “matterless motion” when it speaks, like Einstein did, of matterless fields responsible for gravitation and magnetism.

 

I have even come across reformists who use math in their “attempts to determine the size of the universe,” which makes no sense unless one assumes it is finite. Even so, I prefer to use XYZ dimensions to designate each of the things within the Infinite Universe and to use motion for what those things do. The noun-verb convention found in all languages obviously is suitable for understanding each portion of the universe.]

 

 

PSI Blog 20240527

 

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! On Medium.com you can subscribe for free to receive new posts and be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution.”  There you can support PSI financially by clapping 50 times and responding with your questions.



[1] Coyne, G.S., 2021, Notfinity Process: Matter in Motion (2nd ed.), Chappell Natural Philosophy Society, 408 p. [https://gborc.com/Notfinity].

 

 

20240520

“Infinite Universe Theory” Now Available as an Audiobook and as a Hardcover

 PSI Blog 20240603 “Infinite Universe Theory” Now Available as an Audiobook and as a Hardcover

 



Infinite Universe Theory presents the ultimate alternative to the Big Bang Theory and the common assumption that the universe had an origin. Author Glenn Borchardt starts with photos of the “elderly” galaxies at the observational edge of the universe. These contradict the current belief that the universe should have increasingly younger objects as we view greater distances. He restates the fundamental assumptions that must underlie the new paradigm. Notably, by assuming infinity he is able to adapt classical mechanics to “neomechanics” and its insistence that phenomena are strictly the result of matter in motion. He shows in detail how misinterpretations of relativity have aided current flights of fancy more in tune with religion than science.

 

Borchardt demonstrates why only Infinite Universe Theory can provide answers to questions untouched by currently regressive physics and cosmogony. His new modification of gravitation theory gets us closer to its physical cause without calling upon attraction or curved spacetime or “immaterial fields.”

 

This is the book for you if you have doubts about the universe exploding out of nothing and expanding in all directions at once, that the universe has more than three dimensions, or that light is a massless wave-particle that defies the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Borchardt has put forth a solid case for an Infinite Universe that extends in all directions and exists everywhere and for all time.

 

What readers say:

 

“What a great read! Thanks so much for a book full of great ideas. I love the Q&A format; it’s very satisfying to have good answers to clearly stated questions.” -Rick Dutkiewicz

 

“Truly brilliant.” -Jesse Witwer

 

“A radical, daring, and innovative demolition of regressive physics, from the creation of ‘something out of nothing’ to the ‘God Particle.’” -William Westmiller

 

"Glenn Borchardt's book uses the hammer of Infinity to explain and destroy the junk theories that plague 'Official' physics today. This is a book that should be used in college courses, to give students a basic understanding of how physics is done. Physics has 'gone off the rails' for a century and it is books like Borchardt's that will return physics from its current unscientific and anti-materialist base and back on to a scientific and materialist road." -Mike Gimbel

 

“What a fascinating read!” -Juan Calsiano Progressive Science Institute

 

In addition to the audio book there now is a hard cover book in color.

 

Here is a list of all versions available on Amazon:

 

Audio $3.99

Kindle ebook $9.99

Black and white paperback $19.95

Color paperback $49.95 Special today $46.75

Color hardcover $59.95 Special today $42.95 (BTW: Good time to ask your library to get this hardcover.)

 

PSI Blog 20240520

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! On Medium.com you can subscribe for free to receive new posts and be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution.”  There you can support PSI financially by clapping 50 times and responding with your questions.

20240513

Natural and “Artificial” Evolution

PSI Blog 20240513 Natural and “Artificial” Evolution

 

Understanding the universal mechanism of evolution—univironmental determinism.



EVOLUTION


OF


EVERYTHING

 

Anon writes:

 

“Thank you:) I am very excited to see my question on your blog and to see that climate change is worthy of integration of planetary change and the Infinite Universe Theory on your blog.  What effects will be seen on our planets in conjunction with IUT?”

 

[GB: Welcome. Always like to answer your questions.]

 

“One Question:

 

As a Geologist as an original profession, could the evidence of natural selection theorized by Darwin (who was also a Geologist) and Wallace be interpreted through artificial selection? 

 

Artificial Selection: Changes explained by natural selection however due to exogenous manipulation through a biased third party on a global scale (including weather patterns, tectonic shifts etc.) rather than coincidental events.”

 

[GB: Actually, my Ph.D. was in Soil Science with minors in geology and chemistry (Thesis was “Neutron activation analysis for correlating volcanic ash soils”).

 

Remember that the universal mechanism of evolution is univironmental determinism (what happens to a portion of the universe depends on the infinite matter in motion within and without).[1] Anything one deems “artificial,” “biased third party,” “coincidental,” or otherwise “exogenous manipulation” is included in univironmental determinism (UD). The Darwin-Wallace mechanism is called “neo-Darwinism,” but it is only a special case involving biology. It only includes their “natural selection” and Mendel’s genetics. Even so, I always thought it was quite naïve of folks who opposed evolution while partaking of its benefits. Where did they think all those wonderful dog breeds came from? Their ancestors (wolves) might be fine, but a bit too large and carnivorous for most tiny apartments. On the farm, we partake in evolution when we select the best cows and bulls for increasing milk production. Our race horses are bred from thoroughbreds that may have won races in the past.

 

Folks like to think they are “exogenous,” that is, outside of nature. Sorry about that, but we definitely are part of nature. Per UD, everything you see around you is “natural.” So, do we manipulate our surroundings? Of course. Does cementifying whole cities warm the climate within those cities? Of course. Do the oceans emit increased carbon dioxide when the climate becomes warmer? Of course.

 

Your question is definitely apropos to Infinite Universe Theory. The philosophy and mechanism (univironmental determinism) upon which it is based assumes the evolution (motion) of each XYZ portion of the universe is determined equally by the inside and outside of that portion. This means, of course, that the universe has to be both microcosmically and macrocosmically infinite.

 

By using UD I was able to discover the cause of gravitation and the production of the aetherosphere mentioned in the previous Medium.com posts. Also, it is the 10-yr anniversary of our highly cited paper on the cycles affecting Earth:

 

Puetz, S.J., Prokoph, Andreas, Borchardt, Glenn, and Mason, E.W., 2014, Evidence of synchronous, decadal to billion-year cycles in geological, genetic, and astronomical events: Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, v. 62–63, no. 0, p. 55–75. [10.1016/j.chaos.2014.04.001].

 

Univironmental determinism brings us out of the myopism that has always afflicted humanity. It is opposed to the 20th century scientific world view, systems philosophy, which tends to overemphasize “systems” while deemphasizing their environments. That is why the 300-year-old “attraction” theory continued into the 21st century. It is why we are still plagued with its archetype: the Big Bang Theory, with its explosion of everything out of nothing. It is time we rejected the myopism that produced that silly idea. It is time to replace the Big Bang Theory with the Infinite Universe Theory.]

 

 

PSI Blog 20240513

 

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! On Medium.com you can subscribe for free to receive new posts and be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution.”  There you can support PSI financially by clapping 50 times and responding with your questions.



[1] Borchardt, Glenn, 2007, The Scientific Worldview: Beyond Newton and Einstein: Lincoln, NE, iUniverse, 411 p. [https://gborc.com/TSW07].

  

20240506

What keeps satellites in orbit?

 PSI Blog 20240506 What keeps satellites in orbit?

 

Inertia of Planets and Aether Deceleration Theory of Gravitation

 

Artist’s impression of space debris around Earth (the size of debris compared to Earth is exaggerated). Photo credit: APS/Carin Cain

 

Anon writes:

 

“Hi Dr. Borchardt,

 

I was studying the curved space-time theory for reference.  What I didn't understand is that there is a large object that "curves" space-time (ex. Sun) and the smaller objects (the planets) take an elliptical pattern of rotation around the sun due to the indentation the larger object makes on curving space-time.  However, after a few rotations in this example the planets start losing velocity and start moving closer to the larger object (the sun) that the other objects (the planets) are rotating around.

 

How does ADT [Aether Deceleration Theory of Gravitation] explain the planets and the sun maintaining a certain velocity to keep a constant distance without allowing the sun's gravitation to attract the planets to amalgamate with the sun?”

 

[GB: Good question, but first we need to discard the magical “attraction,” which still is a major part of theoretical physics and cosmogony. Next, we have to reiterate Newton’s First Law of Motion, which I modified as follows:

 

“Every microcosm continues in uniform motion until the direction and velocity of its motion is changed by collisions with supermicrocosms.”

 

Remember that Newton used the word “unless” instead of the “until” we use. This was a tipoff that he assumed the universe was finite. In tune with that, he assumed cosmological bodies ultimately were surrounded by perfectly empty space, which he called “absolute space.” If that was true, those bodies really would travel perpetually only in a straight line, never to revolve around other bodies like they obviously do. That is why the magical attraction hypothesis was necessary even though his laws of motion did not include it.

 

The problem with “attraction” is that there is no known physical reason for it. Be reminded that in progressive physics we assume all causes are physical: the collision of one thing with another per Newton's Second Law of Motion, which I modified as:

 

“The alteration of motion is ever proportional to collisions from supermicrocosms; and is made in the direction in which those supermicrocosms were traveling.”

 

This is where aether particles become critical for producing the curved motion of satellites. The aetherosphere around each rotating cosmological body has relatively high distal aether pressure and relatively low proximal aether pressure. A revolving satellite exists at the point at which the distal impacts match the proximal impacts. This is similar to the process by which an airplane remains in the atmosphere.]

 

“If earth is losing velocity, could it be moving closer to the sun or nearer mercury causing climate change? If this is not the case now, how long would it be before earth gets pulled into the sun's gravity?  Could ADT predict this?”

 

[GB: Earth indeed is losing velocity, just like any other object undergoing inertial motion in a universe in which perfectly empty space is impossible. Earth’s macrocosm (non-empty space) produces friction that slows its rotation sporadically by a “leap” second about every two years. Its revolution about the Sun slows too, amounting to a “leap” day every four years. This means the size of Earth’s orbit is increasing. It is not currently being pushed into the Sun, so it eventually will get colder, not warmer.

 

In the meantime, Earth is getting warmer, with sea level at San Francisco rising at about 2 mm/yr during the last century. Of course, that warming has been occurring for the last 22,000 years, with sea level having been 126 m lower than it is now. That is part of the glacial cycle with subcycles occurring as well. For instance, there was a medieval warm period about 1000 years ago and a “little ice age” about 600 years ago. The major glacial-interglacial cycles were explained by Milankovitch, who used the precession, obliquity, and eccentricity of Earth in his theory. We pointed out some failures of that theory in explaining the sedimentary record:

 

 Puetz, S.J., Prokoph, Andreas, and Borchardt, Glenn, 2016, Evaluating alternatives to the Milankovitch theory: Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, v. 170, no. 158, p. 158–165. [10.1016/j.jspi.2015.10.006].

 

You are right in implying that the position of Earth in relation to the Sun’s position in the Milky Way and its relation to other planets and their various cyclic behaviors affect our climate. However, Newton’s equation for gravitation F=(Gm1m2)/R2 works fine regardless if the cause is a push or pull or thought to be nothing at all.]

 

 

PSI Blog 20240506

 

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! On Medium.com you can subscribe for free to receive new posts and be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution.”  There you can support PSI financially by clapping 50 times and responding with your questions.

20240501

Einstein’s “Space-time” is caused by the Aetherosphere

 PSI Blog 20240501 Einstein’s “Space-time” is caused by the Aetherosphere

 

The deceleration of aether particles during gravitation produces the increases in density responsible for “Dark Matter” and the bending of starlight surrounding ordinary matter.


 
“Projected density plot of a redshift 𝑧=2.5 dark matter halo from a cosmological N-body simulation… There are also many satellite galaxies, each with its own subhalo which is visible as a region of high dark matter density in the image.” Photo credit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cosmo0.


 Space-time is among the most famous “Einsteinisms” that “prove Einstein is always right.” In progressive physics we define an “Einsteinism” as a prediction that is correct, but for the wrong reason. With his rejection of aether, Einstein was left with “perfectly empty space” or a “field,” which, likewise was considered matterless motion.

 

General Relativity Theory predicted that light passing by a star, such as our Sun, would be curved around that star due to curved space-time, which was assumed to be the “cause” of gravitation. Eddington’s observations during the 1919 eclipse were used to claim Einstein was right, with his anointment as the world’s foremost genius. This always was a bit confusing because Einstein claimed light was a massless particle. So if massless, how could it be affected by gravitation? Actually, his calculation of 1.75 arc-seconds for the gravitation effect did not adhere to Newton’s equation for gravitation, which is F = (Gm1m2)/R2. He simply did not include the mass of the photon (which would have been m2 in the equation. Its inclusion as a zero would have made F equal to zero as well. By not including it, the result was his claim that masses simply curved the empty space around them. This was an apparently magical effect readily accepted by Eddington and budding regressive physicists.

 

The Physical Cause of Gravitation

 

Whether magical or non-magical, light bending amounted to an “effect,” not a cause. The effect was refraction, but what was doing the refracting? Now, in progressive physics we assume all causes are physical: the collision of one thing with another. This follows from Newton's Second Law of Motion in which the motion of the collider decreases as the motion of the collidee increases. This is the approach I used in my thrice-rejected paper on the physical cause of gravitation, which you can download for free here.

 

In that paper I pointed out that the physical cause of gravitation was obvious. It is a fact that gravitation involves acceleration. That means there had to be an accelerator, which would become decelerated in the process. I now call my theory of gravitation the “Aether Deceleration Theory of Gravitation” (ADT for short). We see evidence for this theory wherever we look, with the effect (gravitation) being obvious and the cause (aether deceleration) being increasingly obvious.

 

I write “increasingly obvious” because the physical effects attributed to distal increases in aether detection, space-time, time dilation, gravitational redshift, dark matter, and the Shapiro Delay all fit aether deceleration as the result of collisions that cause gravitation. Of course, it is not obvious to regressive physicists who, by definition, are afflicted with aether denial. We also can fault Newton for not adhering to his own Second Law of Motion. True, he once suggested a physical cause, although he got it backwards: his hypothesized medium in his push theory had increasing distal density, instead of the increasing proximal density we now recognize.

 

Aether Density vs. Aether Pressure

According to ADT, the deceleration of aether particles during gravitation tends to increase the density of the aether medium adjacent to whatever the aether particles contact. The densification is a result of the decrease in aether particle activity, otherwise known as “pressure.” In other words, aether density increases proximally (nearby baryonic matter), while its pressure decreases proximally. The reverse is true in the distal direction, with aether pressure increasing distally and aether density decreasing distally.

 

I will give only short descriptions of how these properties are manifest in the claims attributed to “Einsteinisms.” The details are given in my books on Infinite Universe Theory and Religious Roots of Relativity.

 

Distal Increases in Aether Detection

 

Thousands of repetitions of interferometer measurements invariably show that fringes in Michelson-Morley-type experiments increase as a function of altitude. The lack of a significant fringe taken at low sea level in Cleveland was used as proof there was no fixed ether independent of Earth, which is true. But because the aetherosphere is attached to Earth, just like our atmosphere, little relative motion between the aetherosphere and Earth was detected. In short, the so-call “null” result of the Michelson-Morley Experiment was like trying to measure the velocity of the jet stream in your basement. Good luck with that!                                                     

 

Space-time

 

Light is bent when it travels from a less dense medium (e.g. air) to a denser medium (e.g. water). The densification of the aether medium near baryonic matter does the same, forming what I call an “aetherosphere” around every object. An atmosphere, such as the one around Earth, can produce similar effects.

 

Time Dilation

 

Clocks speed up as a function of altitude. This is because aether pressure increases distally, causing light velocity to increase and aetherial collisions become more numerous at altitude. Time is motion and cannot dilate. The “time dilation” trope was an ad hoc used to support Einstein’s claim light speed always was constant. The velocity of wave motion is relatively constant because it is controlled by the medium. When the pressure within the medium increases, wave velocity increases.

 

Gravitational Redshift

 

Because light velocity increases distally and frequency does not change, light waves become longer distally and shorter proximally.

 

Dark Matter

 

This simply is the high density aetherosphere that tends to surround and appears to be attached to all baryonic matter. There are other kinds of dark matter since cosmological objects either have to become luminous due to extremely high gravitational pressure such as in stars like our Sun or via reflection of light from such. Dark matter became evident when the rotating spiral galaxies failed to show a drop off of gravitational effects commensurate with their luminous contents. The attached aetherosphere contributed mass to the outer reaches of spirals that was several times the mass that could be accounted for by the luminous contents.

 

The Shapiro Delay

 

This is the delay produced when light encounters a denser layer near a cosmological object. This is especially obvious when the layer contains an atmosphere containing water, which transmits light at 225,000,000 m/s instead of the 300,000,000 m/s that occurs in outer space. Any ordinary gas surrounding a planet would produce a similar, though tiny effect. The aetherosphere would perform similarly because the aether medium is denser than the aether medium in outer space.

 

 

It is greatly satisfying to have finally discovered the physical reason for gravitation and all these effects hitherto explained by “Einsteinisms.” They are all just as magical as the so-called “gravitational attraction” still used by theoretical physicists in addition to space-time to preserve their myopic view of the universe.

 

 

PSI Blog 20240501

 

 

Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! On Medium.com you can subscribe for free to receive new posts and be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution.”  There you can support PSI financially by clapping 50 times and responding with your questions.