Solution to the Tired Light Theory

PSI Blog 20251229 Solution to the Tired Light Theory

Why the cosmological redshift occurs.

“One hundred and eight extremely distant, small and red galaxies were identified within the Hubble Ultra Deep Field.” Credit: NASA

 

Thanks to Anon for these questions, which inspired me to come up with the reason for the cosmological redshift:

 

“If starlight is redshifted (flashlight to be seen on Mars) at which distance from the starting point does the stretched wavelength start being calculated or start for that matter (from the beginning?).

 

[GB: Yes.]

 

“Is there a mathematical formulae and does the formulae (if there is one) apply to every star and light source?”

 

[GB: Yes.]

 

“Then how is the speed of light constant?”

 

[GB: The speed of light, like the speed of sound, and all other wave motions are dependent on the medium through which they travel—mostly dependent on the elasticity and closeness of the particles that make up the medium. For light it is 300,000,000 m/s in aether and for sound it is 343 m/s in air and over 5,000 m/s in steel. Here is what Gemini says about it:

 

“The velocity of sound in steel is very fast, typically around 5,000 to 6,000 meters per second (m/s), significantly faster than in air or water, because its high elasticity and density allow sound waves to transmit efficiently through its tightly packed particles. The exact speed varies slightly with the specific steel alloy and temperature, but it generally falls within this range, making it about 15 times faster than in air.]

 

[GB: Here are some details from my glossary:

 

COSMOLOGICAL REDSHIFT. The redshift due to energy loss that occurs when light travels long distances. Waves lose energy and their wavelengths increase due to imperfect wave replication. This occurs because each wave must interact with the macrocosm (the aether medium). The velocity of light remains constant because it is a wave, not a particle as being promoted by regressive physics and cosmogony. Light is a wave in a medium filled with particles just like sound is a wave in the air filled with nitrogen molecules. Sound has a “constant” velocity of 343 m/s while light has a “constant” velocity of 300,000,000 m/s.

 

Here is a little history and more details:

 

For nearby light sources the Doppler equation is used for the cosmological redshift: z = v/c. Early cosmologists only saw nearby galaxies, with many being blueshifted since those, such as M31 in Andromeda, were coming toward us. Better telescopes looking further saw many more that were redshifted than were blueshifted. This was mistaken as proof that all galaxies were receding from us and that the universe was expanding. This approach broke down in 1996 when even better telescopes saw redshifts greater than 1.0.^[1] This meant that their assumed velocities were greater than c, which contradicted relativity and the experimentally determined velocity of light.

 

To keep the expanding universe trope, cosmogonists then invented another ad hoc: the claim that space (i.e., space-time) itself was expanding. While that was not true, cosmological redshifts kept being determined, with z values increasing as telescopes looked increasing distances.

 

The Cosmological Redshift Formula (z):

  

λ_obs is the observed wavelength

 

λ_rest is the emitted wavelength

 

The z value for the Sun is 0, because it is too close for the wavelengths of hydrogen to have changed significantly. Knowing its primary wavelength (656 nm), astronomers can measure light from distant galaxies that contain hydrogen. The greater the increase in the 656 nm band, the greater the distance the light has traveled. The farthest galaxy so far has a z of 14.44, with the 656 nm band appearing at 9,473 nm in the infrared part of the spectrum, which can be seen by the JWST telescope.^[2]

 

And here is the solution:

 

Tired Light Theory

 

Unlike Einstein’s magical photon, all real things and all real waves lose energy over distance.^[3] The opposing “Tired Light Theory” (TLT) has been the subject of much speculation since Hubble’s discovery of the cosmological redshift in 1929.^[4] Unfortunately, his initial mistake seen in the title of his paper was to claim it was entirely the result of galactic recession. He later recanted, suggesting it was due to some “unknown process” occurring over distance (TLT), but by then it was too late.^[5] Ever since, regressive physicists and cosmogonists have been claiming Hubble discovered the universe was expanding. He denied that until his dying day. Unfortunately, he was a close follower of Einstein, who had made aether unpublishable. As far as I am aware, neither Hubble, nor anyone else has ever discovered the unknown process.

 

Actually, TLT was implied by others long before Einstein and relativity:

 

“That however ether propagates light, being its medium, necessarily involves that it should also offer resistance to light, otherwise light could not set it in vibration.”^[6]

 

This 19^th-century statement is instructive. Remember that neomechanics teaches us that all events are the results of collisions. Light waves traveling through aether are no different. Nonetheless, waves are motions, not things. The waves occur in a medium containing trillions of aether particles. A wave is initiated by collisions from a light source (such as the Sun or a flashlight). The bigger the source, the greater will be the disturbance in the aether medium.

 

Note that what is being accelerated here by those collisions is not the wave, but the constituents of the wave: aetherons (aether particles). Their subsequent motions involve collisions with still other aetherons. Like all particles, aetherons are subject to deceleration as well as acceleration. Some of the motion of some of those aetherons is absorbed internally. Some is dissipated via geometric spreading (The Inverse Square Law). Light waves radiate outward from their source in a spherical shape, with the same amount of energy covering a larger and larger area. As light waves move through aether, aetherons interact with other aetherons and rare molecules, causing them to vibrate. Some of this mechanical motion is lost as heat due to friction and viscous forces. Because collisions between aetherons are almost, but not perfectly elastic; some motion is always lost. Despite all this loss of internal motion within the wave, its velocity remains unchanged at 300,000,000 m/s. Nevertheless, the loss of internal motion amounts to what we calculate as a loss of the energy needed to form the next wave. Particle deceleration means it will take more time for the slowed aetherons in the first wave to produce the next wave. For example, for every second (1 Hz) in the first it might take two seconds in the second (0.5 Hz) to travel a nm. The wave, the en masse, however, will still keep traveling at a velocity of c. The result will be a cosmological redshift since the new frequency is less and the new wavelength is greater than the old.

 

Believe it or not, this “stretching” of the wave is what cosmogonists assume to be a result of universal expansion. Being afflicted with aether denial, they would never come up with this simple reason for the occurrence of the cosmological redshift and the cause of “Tired Light.” Now you can see why Einstein’s “Untired Light Theory” and the photon trope was necessary for the Big Bang mess.

 

Coincidentally, the analogy with sound is once again instructive. Gemini says:

 

“Eventually, any sound wave becomes so faint that its energy is lower than the background "noise" of random molecular thermal motion (Brownian motion), at which point it can no longer be detected.”

 

In agreement with the rational explanation of the Olbers’ Paradox, I presume this happens to light as well. It may be the reason for the existence of the Cosmic Microwave Background, which probably is the faint remnants of light from distant galaxies, especially those outside the observed universe. It certainly has nothing to do with the explosion of the universe out of nothing as claimed by cosmogonists pushing their extremely profitable “Last Creation Myth.”]

 

 

PSI Blog 20251229

 

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[1] Lanzetta, Kenneth M., Yahil, Amos, and Fernández-Soto, Alberto, 1996, Star-forming galaxies at very high redshifts: Nature, v. 381, no. 6585, p. 759–763. https://doi.org/10.1038/381759a0

[2] Naidu, Rohan P, Oesch, Pascal A, Brammer, Gabriel, Weibel, Andrea, Li, Yijia, Matthee, Jorryt, Chisholm, John, Pollock, Clara L, Heintz, Kasper E, and Johnson, Benjamin D, 2025, A Cosmic Miracle: A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at z = 14.44 Confirmed with JWST: arXiv:2505.11263 https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11263

[3] Borchardt, Glenn, 2017, Infinite Universe Theory: Berkeley, California, Progressive Science Institute, Table 6. http://go.glennborchardt.com/IUTebook

 

[4] Hubble, Edwin, 1929, A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 15, no. 3, p. 168–173. http://www.pnas.org/content/15/3/168.short

[5] Sauvé, Vincent, 2016, Edwin Hubble... and the myth that he discovered an expanding universe. https://gborc.com/Sauve16

[6] Engels, Frederick, 1883 [1972], Dialectics of nature (2nd ed.): Moscow, Progress Publishers, p. 287.