Vera Rubin, Dark Matter and Nobels lost

 

PSI Blog 20210809 Vera Rubin, Dark Matter and Nobels lost

 

Vera Rubin (1928-2016)

 

“Glenn,

 

A few days ago, I went through your Quora page with great interest. Great job dealing with the good as well as the bad questions. Thanks for that.

 

In one answer about dark matter, you recommended a paper by Vera Rubin. I just now found time to read that short “Millennium Essay" paper, “One Hundred Years of Rotating Galaxies”.

 

What a great lady. I had to do some further research on her career. Married for 60 years! …That type of dedication and devotion is rare.

 

10-year-old Vera developed an interest in astronomy while watching the stars from her window. "Even then I was more interested in the question than in the answer,”

 

It’s so sad that scientists like Vera were (and remain) hamstrung by the BBT and all of its related Ad Hocs (or as Vera says, “adjectives"). She could have done so much more with a better understanding of the infinite universe. I love her humility. She even says, “I like a very old universe”. How much more would she have enjoyed applying her expertise and open-mindedness to an infinite universe!

 

I especially love this quote from her Millennium Essay.

"Models of enormous complexity exist, which assume that luminous disks form embedded in cold dark matter structures originating early in the universe. In order to make the models fit, adjectives modify cold dark matter models: open, mixed, tilted, ... I hope that new observations and new insights will soon impose tighter constraints upon these models, as well as tighter constraints upon the dark matter/bright matter components which produce the observed rotation curves. Some of the current complexity must arise from our ignorance.” [Emphasis mine.]

 

Wow! It would be nice to live long enough to see some minds like Vera’s joining “our” fight. I know we have a few coming our way, but it’s so dang slow happening. I guess we have to take a Zen approach and accept what the universe gives us in return for our work.

 

Best regards,

Rick Doogie

Allegan, Michigan

 

Nice little video about Vera Rubin. Ten minutes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ub37odWiufI

 

[GB: Thanks so much Rick. Dark matter has been suspected for centuries before its discovery by Fritz Zwicky in 1933, who found the masses of the galaxies in the Coma Cluster were over 100 times greater than those calculated from their luminosities.

 

In the 1970’s Vera Rubin and colleagues began studying the rotation rates of galaxies known to be rotating. Conventional wisdom promulgated by followers of both Newton and Einstein predicted rotation rates of stars within spiral galaxies would diminish with distance (A), but Rubin found no such thing (B):

 “Rotation curve of a typical spiral galaxy: predicted (A) and observed (B). Dark matter can explain the 'flat' appearance of the velocity curve out to a large radius.” (Wikipedia).

 

 

It is now estimated that 85% of the mass in the observed universe consists of dark matter. To be “light matter,” that is “luminous,” microcosms must first undergo high pressure that forces their submicrocosms to converge. That is what happens when hydrogen atoms are pushed together to form helium in the Sun resulting in heat and light. Those special conditions are relatively rare in the Infinite Universe, particularly when you consider the vast distances between cosmic bodies. I suspect the 85% is a gross underestimate.

 

As I explained in Aether Deceleration Theory[1], the whole process of creation amounts to the slowing down of high-velocity aether particles. At first, small aether particles are pushed by other aether particles toward large aether particles where they are partly sheltered from further impacts. Glancing blows then cause these smaller particles to revolve around the larger ones, forming aether complexes. What was once linear motion then becomes circular motion which, in effect, amounts to high-velocity submicrocosmic motion at the same time as it amounts to relatively low-velocity motion of the resulting microcosm (aetherial complex). When aetherial matter forms large enough complexes, we observe them as baryonic (ordinary) matter. The formation of the rest of the universal hierarchy continues similarly.

 

We experience the same process when we observe gravitation. As is well known, gravitation is an acceleration. As Newton taught, acceleration of one body always produces an equivalent deceleration of the colliding body. This is where dark matter comes in. All baryonic matter is subject to collisions from high-velocity aether particles, resulting in the pushes we know as gravitation. The decelerated aether particles tend to accumulate as a halo around each baryonic complex. In effect, that is what Zwicky and Rubin had to hypothesize as “dark matter” in explaining their results. The upshot is that the process of creation and gravitation are one and the same. Both simply involve the deceleration and densification of aetherial and baryonic matter.

 

Note that, despite their ground-breaking discovery of dark matter, neither Zwicky nor Rubin and her colleagues ever received a Nobel Prize. One does not receive that for proving Einstein wrong, only for proving him right, no matter how contorted and misconstrued the explanation. For instance, the discovery of a speed-of-light shock wave recently dubbed a “gravitational wave” was awarded to the usual aether deniers in a matter of months.]

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[1] Borchardt, Glenn, 2018, The Physical Cause of Gravitation: viXra:1806.0165